Polish immigrants first arrived in Milwaukee in the 1860s and their numbers increased rapidly in the 1870s to the point that they trailed only the Germans as the city’s largest ethnic group. These immigrants established in 1866 St. Stanislaus Church – the nation’s first urban Polish Roman Catholic congregation – and constructed a massive Romanesque Revival-style church building along West Mitchell Street in 1872. At the time, St. Stanislaus was an outpost at the city’s southern edge; however, the area rapidly filled with Polish immigrants and became the city’s largest Polish neighborhood. Businesses quickly opened along West Mitchell Street to provide necessary goods to the growing Polish population.

By 1910, West Mitchell Street was fully developed with small businesses along with the massive Juneau Building, which housed retail establishments, offices and a 1,200-seat theater. The offices were the homes of many of the city’s most notable Polish community organizations. By this time, West Mitchell Street was the most prominent commercial district on Milwaukee’s South Side and rivaled downtown Milwaukee’s Grand Avenue commercial district.

Soon after, several department stores such as Schuster’s and The Grand constructed massive buildings that dominated most their respective blocks. Four other theaters, including the Modjeska, opened and, in addition to movies, offered Polished-theme theatrical performances, concerts and other Polish cultural events. Local architects, including Polish-Americans Leon and Francis Gurda, designed numerous new buildings and remodeled others to reflect the styles of the 1920s and 1930s. These changes in both shopping and architecture cemented West Mitchell Street’s nickname as “The Polish Grand Avenue.”

The district is comprised of ninety-two resources of which eighty-three are commercial buildings and nine are associated with the district’s two Roman Catholic church complexes – St. Stanislaus and St. Anthony’s. Consisting of five large multi-story department store buildings, two banks, several theaters and numerous small commercial and business establishments, the district exhibits many well-designed examples of the Neoclassical, Classical Revival, Period Revival, German Renaissance Revival, Art Deco, Queen Anne and Commercial Styles.

The West Mitchell Street Commercial Historic District is significant as the commercial and cultural center of Milwaukee’s sizable ethnic Polish community, which was the city’s second largest ethnic group. The most significant commercial district on Milwaukee’s South Side, West Mitchell Street was the home of the city’s most prominent Polish community organizations and center of Polish-themed culture and entertainment. Stretching nine-blocks, the West Mitchell Street district is also one of Milwaukee’s largest and intact collections of late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century commercial buildings.