click zoom to display a high-res image
Property Location
| Location (Address) | 919 CHARLES ST |
|---|---|
| County | Jefferson |
| City/Village | Watertown |
| Township | |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Town | |
| Range | |
| Direction | |
| Section | |
| Quarter Section | |
| Quarter Quarter Section |
Property Features
| Year Built | 1856 |
|---|---|
| Additions | 1956 |
| Survey Date | 1986,2012 |
| Historic Use | school-one to six room |
| Architectural Style | Front Gabled |
| Structural System | |
| Wall Material | Clapboard |
| Architect | |
| Other Buildings On Site | |
| Demolished | No |
| Demolished Date | |
| Additional Comments | A 'site file' exists for this property. It contains additional information such as correspondence, newspaper clippings, or historical information. It is a public record and may be viewed in person at the Wisconsin Historical Society, State Historic Preservation Office. Symmetrically designed facade; horizontal clapboards; two over two windows. The first kindergarten program held in America was organized in the home of Margarethe Meyer Schurz in Watertown in 1856. Later, Schurz moved her classes to this building. Margarethe Meyer Schurz was a German who, in 1849, in Germany, attended a lecture series on education by Friedrich Froebel. He advocated a kindergarten program as an important first step in a new educational approach. In 1852, Margarethe Meyer was in London, assisting her sister in the operation of just such a kindergarten when she met Carl Schurz. They were married and came to the United States. In 1856, she and Schurz came to Watertown. In the fall of that year, Margarethe Schurz opened a Froebel-style kindergarten in her home for her daughter and daughter's cousins. Others wished to join and she moved her classes to this building that was at that time located on N. Second St. After a couple of years the Schurzs moved from Watertown and Carl Schurz went on to become an important German-American politician and government official. In failing health, there is no evidence to suggest that Margarethe Schurz held any other kindergarten classes in America but she is said to have promoted the idea to their educators in the east. The kindergarten program did not become part of the elementary education until much later in the century, and until threatened with demolition in 1956, the site of the first kindergarten in America was little known. At that time the building was documented as the first kindergarten and moved to the grounds of the Richards' Octagon House where it was restored and is currently operated as part of the Octagon House museum and interpreted to the public. The first kindergarten building is listed in the National register of Historic Places for national significance in the history of education. The location of the first kindergarten in America is significant because the kindergarten program has become, in the twentieth century, one of the foundations of the early childhood education movement. Aside from operating the first kindergarten classes in America, Schurz probably helped foster the movement by her discussions with eastern educators who set up kindergartens later. Since the Schurz home was destroyed by fire, this building is the only resource remaining related to the first kindergarten in America. And, even though it had been moved, it still was listed on the National register because of its importance to the history of education in America. Moved in 1956 from its original site on North second Street, the First Kindergarten Building is a gable roofed frame building featuring boxed cornices, horizontal clapboard siding and simple rectangular windows and doors. Approximately 18 ft. wide by 24 ft. long, the building once altered to make a storefront has been restored to its original appearance. Although historically significant, the First Kindergarten Building is not architecturally significant. Moved to the grounds of the Octagon House Museum in 1956, this building was placed in the National Register in 1971. |
| Bibliographic References | (A) National Register Nomination, First Kindergarten in America, Files, Preservation Division, State Historical Society of Wisconsin. (B) Margarethe Meyer Schurz entry, Dictionary of Wisconsin Biography, Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1960, pp. 320-321. |
National And State Register Of Historic Places Listings
| National/State Register Listing Name | First Kindergarten |
|---|---|
| National Register Listing Date | Feb 23, 1972 |
| State Register Listing Date | Jan 01, 1989 |
| Contributing |
Architecture & History Inventory
The Wisconsin Architecture and History Inventory (AHI) is a digital source of information on historic buildings, structures, and objects that have been surveyed by the State Historic Preservation Office in Wisconsin. Each property has a digital record providing basic information about the property and images.
Questions?
Wondering about if your property is eligible or notice some information on this property needs to be updated, reach out today!
Email UsAttribution
For a credit line: Wisconsin Historical Society, Creator, Title, Unique Identifier.
The Unique Identifier can be found at the top or bottom of the page for each item. The name of a downloaded file is NOT the unique identifier.
For bibliographic citations please consult the UW-Madison Libraries Citation Research Guide to ensure compliance with appropriate style guidelines.
Access Property Records
Some properties have more materials (correspondence, clippings, historical information, etc.) not in the digital record. If a 'Site File' exists, it's noted in the 'Additional Comments' field. Contact us for an appointment to view these materials.
919 Charles St.
72000055
Located in Watertown, Jefferson County
Margarethe Meyer Schurz
Head and shoulders portrait of Mrs. Margarethe Meyer Schurz, the first kindergarten teacher in the United States. Caption reads: "Mrs. Carl Schurz First Kindergarten teacher in the United States. C...
The First Kindergarten in America
circa 1910-1919
Artist's rendering of an elevated view of the first kindergarten, with children and a teacher gathered in front of the building. There are inset portraits of Carl Schurz and Margarethe Schurz on th...
The First Kindergarten in America
1928
Exterior view of the school established by Mrs. Carl Schurz, which is often considered the first kindergarten in America.
Inside the First Kindergarten
1968
View from back of display of people visiting the first kindergarten building. A mannequin dressed as a nineteenth century teacher is sitting in a chair on the left, and four mannequins dressed as g...
