socialist, politician, journalist, local historian, b. Milwaukee. He served his apprenticeship as a wood engraver, and from 1888 to 1938 worked as an artist, photographer, reporter, and columnist for such papers as the Milwaukee Sentinel, Milwaukee Journal and the Milwaukee Leader. He also edited many local and national Socialist party weeklies (1902-1932). In 1897 he was a founder, with Eugene Debs and Victor Berger (q.v.), of the Social Democracy of America (later the Socialist party). He was national chairman of the party (1900), and was the party's candidate for numerous local offices. He was Milwaukee alderman (1904-1906), a member of the school board (1909-1910), and county supervisor (1910-1948). In 1935 he was one of the incorporators of the Milwaukee County Historical Society, and served as its president (1937-1951). Milwaukee Journal, June 13, 1954; Who's Who in Amer., 26 (1950).

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[Source: Dictionary of Wisconsin biography]